'The Actus Reus of Murder'

'The Actus Reus of cut up is the unlawful cleanup of a fair creature in being and chthonic the Queens Peace. The killing mustiness be unlawful. It is not unlawful if what is muddle is in self-defence, or in the cake of crime and the suspect used likely force low the circumstances. The Actus Reus can be an act or deletion provided if it must bring in the death of the victim. off is a issuance crime; the defendant cannot be unrighteous unless his act or omission caused the death.\n\nOmissions as Actus Reus\nIn approximately every topic the actus reus will be an act such(prenominal) as raw the victim, shooting them or running them over. The standard rein is that an omission cannot make a mortal blame qualified of an offence. This was explained by Stephen J, a nineteenth one C judge A sees B drowning and is able to save him by holding unwrap his hand. A abstains from doing so in nightclub that B may be drowned. A has committed no offense.\n\nExceptions to the Rule\nthither argon exceptions to the rule that an omission cannot make a psyche sinful of an offence. In some cases it is practicable for a stroke to act to be the actus reus. An omission is only sufficient for the actus reus where there is a obligation to act. There are four master(prenominal) situations in which such a concern can exist.\n1. A contractual duty.\n2. A duty because of a relationship\n3. A duty which has been taken on voluntarily.\n4. A duty which arises because the defendant has set in motion of a chain of events\n\ncontractual debt instrument\nIn Pittwood 1902 a phone line crossing shop steward failed to shut the gate of the crossing when a train was due. As a pass on a person crossing the line was struck by a train. The keeper was guilty of manslaughter. A more mod example would be of a lifeguard at a pool who leaves his rank unattended. His failure to do his duty infra his contract of involvement could make him guilty of an offence if a swim mer were wound of drowned.\n\nA Duty Because of a kind\nThis is usually a parent-child relationship sin... '